Unit 9

ABAP Preview – Video Lesson 9.5: Selection Screen

Learn ABAP

Video Preview:

In this lesson you will learn about the advantages of using the selection screen. In addition to the previous PARAMETERS definitions, you will also learn about the SELECT-OPTIONS selection criteria on with which the user can specify significantly more complex restrictions for the data selection.

that you will learn how to use the ABAP events AT SELECTION-SCREEN for implementing an input or authorization check with a possible error dialog using the selection screen.

Architecture and Purpose of Selection Screen

In general, selection screens are used for entering selection criteria for data selection.

For example, if the program creates a list of data from a very large data base table, it often makes sense for the user to select the data records he actually requires and only reading those from the data base.

Selection Screen Attributes

The selection screen has the following standard functions:

  • Texts on the selection screen (selection texts)can be maintained in several languages.
  • The system carries out type checks: Any user input that does not match the type for the input field is ignored by the SAP GUI and therefore does not even appear on the selection screen.
  • In addition to single value entries (PARAMETERS), you can also implement complex selections(SELECT-OPTIONS) on the selection screen.

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Video Lesson 9.8: SAP User Interface

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Video Lesson 9.8: SAP User Interface

In this lesson, you will assign a title to your list and your screen. Furthermore, you will create a status for the list (with standard list functions) as well as a status for the screen that refers to the components of the list status.

GUI Title and GUI status of a Screen

The user interface of a screen consists of the following elements:

  • The title bar contains the title of the current screen (GUI title).
  • The menu bar contains expandable menus, which have corresponding program functions as menu entries and/or submenus (cascading menus). (GUI status)
  • On every screen in the SAP system, the standard toolbar always contains the same standard pushbuttons for functions that are used frequently.
  • In the application toolbar, frequently used functions of the screen are made available.
  • Together, menu bar, standard toolbar, function key assignment, and application toolbar make up the GUI status.
  • To use the GUI title or GUI status on a screen, these must be assigned to the screen. This happens by means of the ABAP statements SET TITLEBAR and SET PF-STATUS.

Implementing the GUI Title

  • There are two options for implementing a GUI title for your screen:
  • You first create the GUI title via the context menu on the object list for your program and then assign it to the appropriate screen using the SET TITLEBAR statement.
  • You create the GUI title by means of forward navigation from the respective SET TITLEBAR statement of your program.
  • A title can have a maximum of 20 characters.


Video Lesson 9.7: Screen Pushbuttons

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Video Lesson 9.7: Screen Pushbuttons

In this lesson you will learn how to create and work with buttons in your screen.

Pushbuttons

Implement Pushbuttons

Different pushbuttons and the program are to be implemented in such a way that the appropriate processing for the user action is executed:

  • If the user chooses the Back pushbutton, he or she returns to the basic list without writing any changes to the database table. The message “You left the screen without saving” is displayed in the status bar of the basic list.
  • If the Save button is chosen, the changes are executed in the database and the user returns to the basic list with a corresponding message in the status bar.
  • If the Enter button is chosen, the screen is displayed again.

Flow for Choosing a Pushbutton

  • If the user chooses a pushbutton, the runtime system copies the assigned function code to a special screen field (of the OK type). This screen field is typically called the ok_code.




Video Lesson 9.6: Screen

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Video Lesson 9.6: Screen

In this lesson you will learn how to design and program simple screens with
input/output fields and pushbuttons.

Features of Screens

A screen not only consists of its layout with input/output fields, pushbuttons and other screen elements, but also a processing logic.

 (source code excerpts that are processed as the pre-/postprocessing of the screen display).

The layout can be designed very flexibly, with:

  • input fields,
  • output fields,
  • radio buttons,
  • check fields and,
  • most importantly, pushbuttons with which the corresponding functions of the program can be executed.

Screen Sequence

  • You start a screen sequence by calling up the first screen from the processing block of your program.
  • After a screen is processed, the statically or dynamically defined screen sequence is processed.
  • You call a screen in your program using the ABAP statement “CALL SCREEN <screen number>”



Video Lesson 9.3: Generating A Details List – AT LINE SELECTION

In this lesson you will be able to react to the user double-click on the
basic list with the display of a details list that contains detailed information on the
clicked line (interactive list).

Generating a Details List

  • When the user selects a basic list by means of double-click of function key F2, the ABAP event AT LINE-SELECTION is triggered.
  • You must implement this in your program in the form of a corresponding processing block.
  • You can read the data requested by the user and out put them with the WRITE statement.
  • Hint: If an AT LINE-SELECTION block is implemented in the program, a push button with the magnifying glass symbol also appears above the list.
  • Marking the list row and then choosing this button has the same effect as double-clicking the list row.

Generating Several Details Lists

  • The row selection on the detail list also triggers the AT LINE-SELECTION event.
  • You must be able to determine within this block on which list the current row selection was made so that you can react adequately.
  • You can use the sy-lsind system field for this. This field shows the current list level: 0 for the basic list, 1 for the first details list, and so on.
  • The value of sy-lsind should be used to control processing in the AT LINE-SELECTION block.

Video Lesson 9.2: ABAP Text Symbols

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Video Lesson 9.2: ABAP Text Symbols

In this lesson you will learn to create and use Text Symbols in your programs to control and maintain the language displayed for dialog messages, error messages and screen outputs.

Multilingual Capabilities of lists

  • Text elements of a program - this also includes headings - can be translated into various languages.
  • When a user executes a program, relevant text elements are always automatically displayed in the log on language of the user (automatic language)
  • To translate the text elements of your program, use the menu path GO to- Translation from within the ABAP editor.
  • To design texts in the list core in several languages and be able to use the language functions, so called text symbols are implemented.
  • A text symbol consists of a three-digit alphanumeric ID xxx as well as a tranlateble text and, like the headers, belongs to the text elements of a program




Video Lesson 9.1: ABAP Lists

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Video Lesson 9.1: ABAP Lists

You will learn about the benefits and different functions of the ABAP list. In addition, you will be able to react to the user double-click on the basic list with the display of a details list that contains detailed information on the clicked line (interactive list).

Features of Lists

The main purpose of a list is to display data with a minimum of programming efforts.

Lists also take the special requirements of business data into account:

  • Lists can de designed as multi-language units: Texts and headings appear in the log on language, provided an appropriate translation is available.
  • Lists can display monetary values in the appropriate currency.

The following options are available when programming a list:

  • Screen: You can add colors and icons
  • Printers
  • Internet and Intranet: Automatic conversion to HTML takes place for this.
  • Save: This is possible both within tha SAP System as well as outside of it (for further processing-for example, through table calculation programs).
  • You create lists using the WRITE statement.
  • You can create simple lists and complex lists with events.
  • Using the ULINE statement, you draw a horizontal line in the screen.

To format the output of a list you can use the following ABAP STATEMENTS:

  • COLOR<color> : Adds color to the background of the text
  • LEFT JUSTIFIED: Aligns your text to the left
  • RIGHT JUSTIFIED: Aligns your text to the right.
  • CENTER: Aligns your text to the center

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